At Oxford, he created an all-male literary group with another Oxford professor of English, C. After the war he became a professor of English Language at the University of Leeds, and then at the University of Oxford, where he taught at Pembroke College. He joined the British Army's Lancashire Fusiliers and saw the horror of trench warfare, with life as an officer made more bearable by the support of a male batman or servant. He was brought up by his guardian, a Catholic priest, Father Francis Morgan, and educated at boys' grammar schools and then Exeter College, Oxford, which at that time had only male students. Tolkien, was orphaned as a boy, his father dying in South Africa and his mother in England a few years later. The author of the bestselling fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings, J. Secluded male environment: Pembroke College's Old Quad, where Tolkien had his teaching rooms Tolkien stated that the Hobbit woman Rosie Cotton is "absolutely essential" to understanding the hero Sam's character, and the relation of ordinary life to heroism.
On the other hand, commentators have noted that the Elf-queen Galadriel is powerful and wise Éowyn, noblewoman of Rohan, is extraordinarily courageous, killing the leader of the Nazgûl and the half-elf Arwen, who chooses mortality to be with Aragorn, the man she loves, is central to the book's theme of death and immortality and that other female figures like the monstrous spider Shelob and the wise-woman of Gondor, Ioreth, play important roles in the narrative. Much of the action in The Lord of the Rings is by male characters, and the nine-person Fellowship of the Ring is entirely male. Tolkien spent much of his life in an all-male environment, and had conservative views about women, prompting discussion of possible sexism. Weronika Łaszkiewicz has written that "Tolkien's heroines have been both praised and severely criticized", and that his fictional women have an ambiguous image, of "both passivity and empowerment". Meanwhile, other commentators have noted the empowerment of the three major women characters, Galadriel, Éowyn, and Arwen, and provided in-depth analysis of their roles within the narrative of The Lord of the Rings. The roles of women in The Lord of the Rings have often been assessed as insignificant, or important only in relation to male characters in a story about men for boys. Arwen sewing Aragorn's banner, by Anna Kulisz, 2015, inspired by Edmund Leighton's 1911 Stitching the Standard Some commentators describe Tolkien as placing women only in background roles while the male protagonists see all the action.
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